vascular diseases

Vascular diseases involve the abnormal functioning or structure of blood vessels—the arteries, veins, and capillaries that carry blood throughout the body. These conditions include issues like atherosclerosis (buildup of fatty deposits that narrow arteries), aneurysms (weakened vessel walls that can rupture), and blood clots. They can restrict blood flow, leading to problems like heart attacks, strokes, or tissue damage. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and poor diet. Managing these diseases involves lifestyle changes, medication, and sometimes surgery to restore or improve blood flow and prevent serious complications.