Vanadium flow batteries

Vanadium flow batteries are a type of rechargeable energy storage system that uses liquid vanadium solutions to store and release electricity. During charging, the vanadium ions in the liquid change states, storing energy. When discharging, these ions convert back, generating electric power. The batteries consist of two tanks of vanadium solution separated by a membrane; their capacities can be scaled independently, making them suitable for large-scale, long-duration energy storage like grid balancing. They are known for their durability, safety, and ability to provide a steady energy supply over extended periods, making them valuable for integrating renewable energy sources such as solar and wind.