Valve anatomy

Valve anatomy includes structures within the heart and veins that regulate blood flow. Heart valves—such as the aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves—are flaps of tissue that open to allow blood to flow in one direction and close to prevent backflow. They are composed of thin, flexible leaflets or cusps anchored by connective tissue. Valves in veins, like the jugular or varicose veins, also have valves to prevent blood from flowing backward due to gravity. Proper valve function is essential for efficient circulation, ensuring blood moves smoothly through the heart and body without mixing or backflow.