validated simulation models

Validated simulation models are computer-based tools that accurately replicate real-world systems or processes. They are tested and confirmed through comparison with actual data and observations to ensure their predictions are reliable. This validation process gives confidence that the model's results can be trusted for decision-making, planning, or analyzing complex scenarios. Essentially, validation ensures the model reflects real behavior closely enough for practical use, making it a valuable resource for exploring "what-if" situations without the risks or costs of real-world experimentation.