vacuum fluctuations

Vacuum fluctuations are temporary changes in energy that occur in empty space, as described by quantum physics. Even when a space appears completely empty, tiny particles and antiparticles can briefly appear and then vanish, changing the energy momentarily. These fluctuations happen because, at very small scales, the precise state of nothing isn’t perfectly stable, leading to constant, fleeting activity. This phenomenon influences various physical processes and is a fundamental aspect of how the universe operates at the quantum level.