V-n diagram

A V-n diagram is a graph used by engineers to understand how an aircraft's speed (V) relates to its load factor (n), which measures the force experienced compared to normal gravity. It shows the safe, limit, and disastrous flight conditions, helping pilots avoid stalls or structural damage. The diagram includes important points like maximum speed for maneuvering, structural limits, and safe envelope boundaries. Essentially, it visually guides pilots on the permissible combinations of speed and load during flight, ensuring safety and structural integrity within the aircraft's capabilities.