Uthman

Uthman ibn Affan was the third caliph of Islam, serving from 644 to 656 CE. He was a respected merchant and companion of Prophet Muhammad. Uthman is known for unifying the Quran into a single, authoritative text, helping preserve Islamic teachings. His leadership emphasized stability and expansion of the Muslim community. However, his rule faced criticism for favoritism and alleged corruption, leading to internal dissent. Uthman’s caliphate was a pivotal period in early Islamic history, shaping the development of the Islamic state and its religious and political institutions. He was eventually assassinated, which contributed to internal conflicts within the Muslim community.