Urartian Kingdom

The Urartian Kingdom, existing from the 9th to 6th centuries BCE, was an ancient civilization located in the region that is now modern-day eastern Turkey, Armenia, and parts of Iran. It emerged as a powerful state, known for its strong fortresses, advanced metalworking, and agricultural practices. The Urartians spoke a unique language and had a rich culture that included art and religion, often focused on sky gods. They were in frequent conflict with neighboring powers, particularly Assyria. The kingdom ultimately declined due to invasions and pressure from the expanding Medes and other groups.