Urartian civilization

The Urartian civilization flourished around the 9th to 6th centuries BCE in the region of eastern Anatolia (modern Turkey), northeastern Iraq, and northwestern Iran. Known for advanced metalwork, architecture, and irrigation, Urartu built impressive fortresses and terraced agriculture. Their society was centered around a kingdom with kings who ruled over city-states, and they engaged in trade, warfare, and cultural development. The Urartians spoke a unique language and adopted some Assyrian influences. Their civilization eventually declined due to invasions and internal strife, but their contributions to architecture and technology remain significant archaeological findings today.