Upper Paleolithic archaeology

The Upper Paleolithic period, roughly 50,000 to 10,000 years ago, marks the final phase of the Paleolithic, when modern humans developed advanced tools, art, and complex behaviors. Archaeologists study this era through preserved tools, cave paintings, jewelry, and other artifacts, revealing early cultural and technological innovations. During this time, humans created more sophisticated weapons, engaged in symbolic activities like painting and ornamentation, and began to explore different environments. This period reflects significant cognitive and social development, laying foundational aspects of human culture and fostering the eventual spread of Homo sapiens across the globe.