Upper Gastrointestinal Physiology

Upper gastrointestinal physiology involves the process of digesting and moving food through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. When you swallow, the tongue pushes food into the esophagus, where coordinated muscles propel it toward the stomach. The stomach then mixes food with acids and enzymes to break it down further. Gastric muscles regulate the release of chyme into the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed. Throughout this process, neural and hormonal signals coordinate muscle contractions and secretions to ensure efficient digestion and prevent issues like acid reflux or indigestion.