United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea (Rotterdam Rules)

The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea, known as the Rotterdam Rules, is a treaty aimed at modernizing and harmonizing shipping law. It outlines the responsibilities and liabilities of shipping companies, freight forwarders, and cargo owners in international trade. The rules ensure clarity about who is responsible for goods during transport, whether by sea, land, or air. By providing a consistent framework, the Rotterdam Rules improve legal predictability and efficiency in global shipping, enhancing trade and protecting the rights of all parties involved in the transportation of goods.