United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea

The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea (commonly called the Rotterdam Rules) is an international treaty that standardizes the legal rules for shipping goods by sea across different countries. It clarifies the rights and responsibilities of shippers (those sending goods), carriers (those transporting), and consignees (those receiving). The convention aims to make international sea logistics more predictable, fair, and efficient by establishing clear rules on issues like contracts, liability for loss or damage, and delivery. It helps reduce disputes and simplifies cross-border shipping arrangements.