Underwater wireless communication

Underwater wireless communication involves transmitting data through water without physical cables. Unlike air-based wireless signals like Wi-Fi or cell signals, radio waves don’t work well underwater due to water’s conductive properties. Instead, methods like acoustic signals (sound waves) are used because sound travels efficiently through water. These systems enable communication between submarines, underwater sensors, or remotely operated vehicles, supporting activities like scientific research, exploration, and defense. While effective, underwater wireless communication faces challenges such as limited bandwidth, signal attenuation, and multi-path issues caused by water properties.