underwater excavation techniques

Underwater excavation involves removing soil, rock, or debris from beneath water bodies like rivers, lakes, or oceans. Techniques include using hydraulic equipment such as dredgers, which suction material onto a conveyor or into a barge, and mechanical excavators like underwater excavators or clamshell buckets attached to cranes. Divers may also perform manual removal in sensitive or restricted areas. These methods ensure channels are maintained, foundations are prepared, or submerged structures are built. Safety, environmental protection, and precise control are critical throughout the process to minimize impacts and ensure the stability of the excavation site.