Underground Construction Techniques

Underground construction techniques involve building structures below the Earth's surface, such as tunnels, sewer lines, and transportation corridors. Methods include boring a tunnel with tunnel boring machines (TBMs), which cut through soil and rock, or constructing shafts to access underground spaces. In some cases, cut-and-cover techniques are used, where a trench is excavated, the structure built, then covered over. These techniques ensure minimal disruption to surface activities and allow for efficient development of infrastructure in crowded or inaccessible areas. Proper planning and technology are essential to safely navigate soil conditions, groundwater, and existing underground utilities.