uncertainty intervals

Uncertainty intervals are ranges that show where the true value likely is, based on available data and analysis. They acknowledge that there’s some degree of error or unpredictability in estimates. For example, if a report says a city’s population is between 950,000 and 1,050,000 with an uncertainty interval, it’s indicating that the true population probably falls within that range, but we can’t say precisely. These intervals help communicate the level of confidence in a measurement, conveying that estimates are not exact but likely close within a specified range.