Ultimate Limit State (ULS)

Ultimate Limit State (ULS) is a safety standard used in engineering to ensure structures like buildings and bridges can withstand maximum expected forces without failing. It considers the greatest loads or stresses a structure might experience during its lifetime, such as heavy winds or earthquakes, and ensures it remains safe and stable under those conditions. ULS aims to prevent catastrophic collapse by designing structures with sufficient strength and robustness, maintaining safety margins for extreme events beyond normal use.