U(N) Symmetry

U(N) symmetry is a mathematical concept from physics that describes how certain systems remain unchanged when their components are rotated or transformed in complex ways. Imagine a set of N objects that can be rearranged or mixed among themselves, but the overall system's properties stay the same. This kind of symmetry underpins many fundamental theories in particle physics, governing the behavior of particles and forces. It provides a framework for understanding how particles interact and how the laws of nature are consistent across different directions and configurations.