Typed lambda calculus

Typed lambda calculus is a formal system used to study functions and computation, where every function and value has a specific type that defines what kind of data it processes or produces. Think of types like labels that ensure functions are applied correctly—for example, a function expecting a number won’t accidentally receive a letter. This typing helps prevent errors and makes programs more reliable. Essentially, typed lambda calculus models how functions work at a fundamental level, providing a rigorous foundation for programming languages and computer science research.