Two's complement

Two's complement is a method used in digital systems to represent both positive and negative numbers efficiently. It works by encoding negative numbers as the binary complement (invert the bits and add one) of their positive counterparts. This approach allows computers to perform addition, subtraction, and other arithmetic operations uniformly, without needing separate rules for negatives. In essence, two's complement simplifies digital calculations by integrating negative numbers into the standard binary number system, making arithmetic processes consistent and straightforward for digital circuitry.