two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate complex mixtures of proteins. It works in two steps: first, proteins are sorted based on their electric charge in one direction, allowing them to be separated according to their unique properties. Then, the same proteins are separated again in a different direction based on their size or weight. This process produces a detailed “map” of individual proteins, making it easier for scientists to analyze protein composition, identify specific proteins, or detect changes in protein patterns related to diseases or biological functions.