Two-Dimensional Electron Systems

Two-dimensional electron systems are structures where electrons are confined to move freely in only two dimensions, like a thin, flat sheet. This confinement occurs in specialized materials or devices, such as quantum wells or at interfaces between different materials. Because their movement is restricted, electrons exhibit unique behaviors, with properties distinct from those in bulk materials. These systems are important for advanced electronic and quantum technologies, and studying them helps scientists understand fundamental quantum phenomena and develop new applications like ultra-fast transistors and quantum computers.