Two-dimensional electron gases

A two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is a system where electrons are confined to move freely in a very thin, flat layer—only a few atoms thick—while their movement in the third dimension is restricted. This creates a unique environment with electronic properties different from those in bulk materials, often found at the interface of certain semiconductor structures. 2DEGs are essential in advanced electronic devices, such as high-speed transistors and quantum computing components, because their confined electrons exhibit quantum behaviors and high mobility, enabling precise control and fast electronic signals.