Twiss

Twiss parameters are a set of values used in accelerator physics to describe how particles, like electrons or protons, move within a beam. They define the shape, size, and orientation of the beam’s cross-section as it travels through the accelerator. Think of them as coordinates that tell you how "spread out" the particles are and how they focus or diverge over distance. These parameters help engineers optimize beam focus and stability, ensuring efficient and safe operation of particle accelerators.