Tumor-associated antigens

Tumor-associated antigens are proteins or molecules found on the surface of cancer cells. They are often present in higher amounts or in abnormal forms compared to normal cells, making them key markers for detecting and targeting cancer. These antigens can alert the immune system to the presence of a tumor, but sometimes the immune response isn't strong enough to eliminate the cancer. Researchers and doctors use these antigens to develop diagnostic tests, vaccines, and targeted therapies that specifically attack cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue.