tumor-associated antigen

Tumor-associated antigens are proteins or molecules produced by cancer cells that differ from normal cell markers. These antigens can be recognized by the immune system, making them useful targets for cancer detection and treatment. They are not exclusive to cancer cells, as some are also found in normal cells at lower levels or during certain stages, but their higher presence or abnormal form in tumors helps distinguish malignant cells. Understanding these antigens aids in developing targeted therapies, such as cancer vaccines or immune-based treatments, to specifically attack cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue.