Tsiolkovsky's rocket equation

Tsiolkovsky's rocket equation describes how a rocket’s change in velocity (its ability to move through space) depends on the rocket's initial and final mass, and the speed at which it expels fuel. Essentially, to go faster, a rocket must burn and eject fuel at high speed, losing mass in the process. The Equation shows that increasing the speed achieved requires a larger amount of fuel and efficient engines. It forms the foundation for understanding rocket design, illustrating the trade-off between payload weight, fuel mass, and achievable velocity in space travel.