TSH receptor antibodies

TSH receptor antibodies are immune system proteins that mistakenly target the receptor for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on thyroid cells. These antibodies can either stimulate or block the receptor. Stimulating antibodies cause the thyroid to produce excess hormones, leading to conditions like Graves' disease, which causes symptoms such as bulging eyes, rapid heartbeat, and weight loss. Blocking antibodies can reduce thyroid activity, resulting in hypothyroidism, characterized by fatigue, weight gain, and depression. Testing for these antibodies helps diagnose and differentiate thyroid disorders, guiding appropriate treatment.