Transport of Water in Soils

Water moves through soil primarily by two processes: infiltration and capillary action. Infiltration occurs when water from rain or irrigation enters the soil surface. Capillary action involves water molecules moving upward through tiny pores in the soil, driven by surface tension and adhesion to soil particles. Factors like soil texture, structure, and moisture content influence how well water is retained and transmitted. Sandy soils drain quickly due to large pores, while clay soils hold water longer because of small pores. Proper water movement in soil is essential for plant roots to access moisture and nutrients effectively.