transmembrane domains

Transmembrane domains are parts of proteins that span across the cell membrane, acting like bridges or anchors. These regions have a specialized structure, often composed of hydrophobic (water-repelling) amino acids, allowing them to embed securely within the lipid bilayer of the membrane. They enable proteins to perform essential functions such as signaling, transport, or communication between the cell's interior and exterior. Essentially, transmembrane domains allow specific proteins to be permanently integrated into the cell membrane, facilitating controlled exchange and interaction with the environment around the cell.