Transfection methods

Transfection methods are techniques used to introduce foreign genetic material—like DNA or RNA—into cells to study or modify their functions. Common approaches include chemical methods (using substances that help DNA enter cells), physical methods (applying electrical pulses or rapid freezing), and biological methods (using viruses or bacteria as vectors). These techniques enable scientists to change cell behavior, produce proteins, or investigate gene functions. The choice of method depends on the cell type and experimental goals, aiming to efficiently deliver genetic material while minimizing cell damage.