transcriptional machinery

Transcriptional machinery refers to the set of molecules and structures in a cell responsible for converting DNA instructions into messenger RNA (mRNA). This process begins with enzymes called RNA polymerases, which read specific DNA segments (genes) and synthesize complementary RNA strands. Accessory proteins called transcription factors help regulate this process, ensuring genes are turned on or off as needed. The mRNA then carries the genetic message from the DNA in the nucleus to the cell's protein-making factories in the cytoplasm. Overall, transcriptional machinery is essential for gene expression and proper cellular function.