transcription initiation

Transcription initiation is the process where the cell begins copying a gene's DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA). It starts when specific proteins called transcription factors recognize and bind to a nearby DNA region known as the promoter. These factors help attract and assemble the enzyme RNA polymerase at the correct spot. Once in place, RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA slightly and begins synthesizing a complementary mRNA strand based on the DNA sequence. This step sets the stage for gene expression by transforming the genetic code into a form the cell can use to produce proteins.