train operating companies (TOCs)

Train Operating Companies (TOCs) are organizations responsible for managing and running passenger train services on specific routes or regions. They oversee scheduling, staffing, ticketing, and customer service, ensuring trains run safely, on time, and meet passenger needs. TOCs typically operate under franchises or contracts with governments or regional authorities, who set service standards and commission the services. They may own or lease trains and focus on daily operations, aiming to provide efficient, reliable, and comfortable travel options for passengers.