Torricelli's theorem

Torricelli's theorem explains the speed at which a fluid exits a hole in a container. It states that the exit velocity depends on the height of the fluid above the opening. Specifically, the faster the fluid flows out, the higher the water level is above the hole, following the principle that the velocity is proportional to the square root of the height difference. This is based on energy conservation: the potential energy from the height converts into the kinetic energy of the flowing fluid. The theorem helps predict flow rates in various engineering and scientific applications.