Topologically associated domains (TADs)

Topologically associated domains (TADs) are regions of the genome where DNA sequences interact more frequently with each other than with sequences outside the region. Think of them as neighborhoods within the genome, where genes and regulatory elements are more likely to influence each other locally. TADs help organize the genome in 3D, ensuring proper gene regulation and functioning. They act as secure zones, preventing errant interactions that could disrupt gene activity, thus playing a crucial role in maintaining cellular health and identity.