Tool-making techniques

Tool-making techniques involve shaping natural materials like stone, wood, or bone into functional implements. Early methods included knapping, where stones were struck to produce sharp edges, and grinding, which smoothed surfaces for specific uses. Techniques also included developing hafting, attaching tools to handles for leverage. As skills advanced, early humans learned to diversify tools for specific tasks like cutting, scraping, or digging. These innovations reflect a combination of observation, experimentation, and cultural transmission, enabling humans to adapt better to their environment, improve productivity, and enhance survival.