Timoshenko (Timoshenko's theory of cantilever beams)

Timoshenko’s theory for cantilever beams improves on traditional models by considering both bending and shear deformations. Unlike simpler approaches that assume the beam only bends, this theory accounts for the fact that the material also shears (slightly slides) under load, especially in short or thick beams. This results in more accurate predictions of how a cantilever (a beam fixed at one end) will bend and twist when loads are applied, helping engineers design safer, more efficient structures by understanding real-world behaviors beyond idealized assumptions.