Timoshenko's two-parameter theory

Timoshenko's two-parameter theory improves the analysis of beams by accounting for both shear deformation and bending rotation. Unlike classical beam theory, which assumes cross-sections remain plane and only bend, Timoshenko’s model recognizes that shear forces cause additional deformation. It introduces two key parameters: the bending moment (which relates to bending) and the shear force (which relates to shear deformation). This approach provides a more accurate prediction of beam behavior, especially for short, deep, or flexible beams, where shear effects are significant. It helps engineers design safer and more reliable structures by capturing more realistic deformation responses.