Timoshenko's beam theory

Timoshenko's beam theory improves upon classical beam models by considering both bending and shear deformations. While traditional models assume the beam's cross-section remains perpendicular to its neutral axis during bending, Timoshenko’s theory accounts for shear effects that cause cross-sections to tilt. This makes it more accurate for short, thick, or flexible beams, especially at higher loads or frequencies. The theory provides better predictions of how beams deform and vibrate, aiding engineers in designing safer and more efficient structures by capturing the combined influence of bending and shear forces.