Ti:sapphire

Ti:sapphire (titanium-doped sapphire) is a popular laser medium used in scientific and industrial applications. It consists of a sapphire crystal—an extremely hard, transparent material—that has tiny amounts of titanium ions embedded within it. When energized by an external light source, the titanium ions absorb energy and then release it as a focused laser beam. Ti:sapphire lasers are valued for producing very short, intense pulses of light across a broad range of wavelengths, making them versatile tools for research, medicine, and manufacturing.