Thomas S. Kuhn (Thomas Samuel Kuhn)

Thomas S. Kuhn was a philosopher of science who introduced the idea that scientific progress doesn’t occur gradually but through periodic revolutions. He explained that scientists work within frameworks called "paradigms," which guide how they observe and understand the world. When anomalies or problems arise that the current paradigm can't explain, a scientific revolution may occur, leading to the adoption of a new paradigm. His most famous work, "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions," changed how we view scientific growth, emphasizing that science evolves through shifts in fundamental assumptions rather than just accumulating facts.