Thomas Kuhn (philosopher)

Thomas Kuhn was a philosopher of science who explained how scientific ideas develop over time. He proposed that science doesn't progress gradually, but through "paradigm shifts"—fundamental changes in the framework scientists use to understand the world. These shifts happen when anomalies—observations that don’t fit existing theories—accumulate, leading to a new way of thinking. Kuhn’s ideas highlight that science is a dynamic, non-linear process influenced by social and historical factors, emphasizing that scientific progress involves periods of normal science interrupted by revolutionary changes.