Third Babylonian Dynasty

The Third Babylonian Dynasty, often referred to as the "Neo-Babylonian Empire," thrived from the 7th to the 6th centuries BCE, with its peak around the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar II. This period is known for significant advancements in architecture, literature, and the resurgence of Babylon as a major cultural and political power in Mesopotamia. Notable achievements include the construction of the famous Hanging Gardens and the Ishtar Gate. The dynasty is also recognized for its contributions to astronomy and mathematics, which influenced later civilizations. Ultimately, it fell to the Persian Empire in 539 BCE.