thermodynamic transport coefficients

Thermodynamic transport coefficients are properties that describe how materials transfer heat, mass, or momentum when affected by gradients or differences, such as temperature or pressure differences. They quantify the efficiency and rate of processes like heat conduction, fluid flow, or diffusion. Examples include thermal conductivity (how well heat moves through a material), viscosity (how easily a fluid flows), and diffusivity (how quickly substances mix). These coefficients are fundamental in predicting and controlling thermal and fluid behaviors in engineering, physics, and natural systems, enabling us to design more efficient energy systems, engines, and chemical processes.