Thermodynamic principles

Thermodynamics is the study of energy, heat, and work in physical systems. It explains how energy moves and changes form—such as from heat to work or vice versa—while obeying specific laws. The first law states energy can't be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed. The second law indicates that systems tend toward increasing disorder or entropy over time. These principles help us understand everything from engines and refrigerators to weather patterns and biological processes, highlighting how energy flows and transformations govern the behavior of matter in our universe.