thermodynamic limits

Thermodynamic limits refer to the fundamental boundaries set by the laws of thermodynamics that govern energy, heat, and work in systems. They define the maximum efficiency, capacity, or performance achievable, regardless of technology or process improvements. For example, they determine the highest possible efficiency of an engine or the maximum amount of energy that can be harnessed from a source. These limits are rooted in natural principles, ensuring that certain efficiencies can never be surpassed, which helps guide realistic expectations for energy conversion, engines, and other thermodynamic systems.