Thermodynamic equations

Thermodynamic equations describe how energy moves and changes within physical systems, relating properties like temperature, pressure, volume, and energy. For example, the first law states energy is conserved—it can’t be created or destroyed, only transferred or changed form. The second law explains that systems naturally tend toward disorder or maximum entropy, such as heat flowing from hot to cold. These equations help us understand and predict processes like engines, refrigerators, and natural phenomena, providing a mathematical framework linking energy transfer, work, and thermal properties in a precise way.