Thermal oxidation

Thermal oxidation is a process where a material, typically silicon, is exposed to high temperatures in the presence of oxygen. This causes a thin layer of silicon dioxide (essentially glass) to form on its surface. It's similar to how a metal might oxidize and form rust, but in this case, it creates a controlled insulating layer used in manufacturing electronic components. This oxide layer enhances durability, electrical insulation, and performance in devices like semiconductors. The process is precise, allowing engineers to create specific layer thicknesses necessary for device functionality.